諾盧颱風結構-Annular Hurricanes - 颱風討論

By Cara
at 2017-08-02T22:26
at 2017-08-02T22:26
Table of Contents
諾盧颱風最近一兩天的結構非常特別
https://www.dropbox.com/s/2pnzzgo2bn0gu7o/Noru.png?dl=0
https://www.dropbox.com/s/spnn6kjfa4l6nf7/Noru_Satellite.jpg?dl=0
這樣的結構,可歸類成: Annular(環形的) Hurricanes
(當然,西北太平洋應該要稱作 Annular Tropical cyclones or Typhoons XD)
在西北太平洋地區並沒有大規模的統計或研究
不過,國外的學者曾針對東北太平洋以及大西洋的颶風
進行Annular Hurricanes的研究 (過去我大略讀過一篇,詳見Reference)
這樣的結構並不常見(~4%的颶風)
他們舉出這個區域相關特例的雲圖:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/xc5adtsazlt4oja/Fig1_knaff.gif?dl=0
大致上的結構定義:
1.比平均大的颱風眼size
2.眼牆的對流周圍有對稱的cold brightness temperatures (IR雲圖上,較深對流)
3.比較不明顯,甚至沒有颱風螺旋雨帶
這樣的颶風,通常:
1.強度較強
2.減弱速度會比一般颶風慢(與大西洋過去資料相比)
3.可以維持較久的相對較強強度
(論文中也提到會用甜甜圈來形容這樣的結構XDDDD)
4.通常大於100kts,平均~110kts
而且強度較能發展到其存在環境的最大潛在強度(MPI)
經由統計資料,他們發現這樣的颶風的環境條件為:(*註一)
1.相對較弱的東風或東南風風切 ( 200 hPa-850 hPa )
2.200hPa具有東風,而且比環境的平均溫度冷
3.在颱風路徑上,海溫分布在(25.4~28.4度C),且變化小
4.200hPa的高度,缺少relative eddy flux convergence (與環境混合均勻)
5.環境條件的風切足以抵銷地轉渦度(beta)所造成的風切,使得颶風更有利軸對稱化
諾盧颱風處在環境沒有太符合這樣的條件,海溫幾乎高於上界
不過風切相對而言是小的
另外,近幾年的研究對於Annular Hurricanes還沒有完整的動力解釋或模擬
算是一個待解的議題
而且這類颱風強度變化跟一般颱風不同
因此對於預報或是數值模式而言也是個挑戰。
以上簡單分享,提供大家參考~~~
未來有機會也會針對一些實事,或是分享個人對於大氣的所學
(順便騙騙P幣(?)XD)
*註一:西北太平洋的環境條件跟大西洋颱風活躍區相比存在差異,另外,這部分的資料
比較學術,提供大家參考
------------------------------------------------------
參考資料:
Knaff, J.A., J.P. Kossin, and M. DeMaria, 2003: Annular Hurricanes. Wea.
Forecasting, 18, 204–223,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0204:AH>2.0.CO;2
Knaff, J.A., T.A. Cram, A.B. Schumacher, J.P. Kossin, and M. DeMaria, 2008:
Objective Identification of Annular Hurricanes. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 17–28,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007WAF2007031.1
雲圖:
向日葵衛星/SSMIS衛星,圖from RAMMB / JTWC
--
https://www.dropbox.com/s/2pnzzgo2bn0gu7o/Noru.png?dl=0
https://www.dropbox.com/s/spnn6kjfa4l6nf7/Noru_Satellite.jpg?dl=0
這樣的結構,可歸類成: Annular(環形的) Hurricanes
(當然,西北太平洋應該要稱作 Annular Tropical cyclones or Typhoons XD)
在西北太平洋地區並沒有大規模的統計或研究
不過,國外的學者曾針對東北太平洋以及大西洋的颶風
進行Annular Hurricanes的研究 (過去我大略讀過一篇,詳見Reference)
這樣的結構並不常見(~4%的颶風)
他們舉出這個區域相關特例的雲圖:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/xc5adtsazlt4oja/Fig1_knaff.gif?dl=0
大致上的結構定義:
1.比平均大的颱風眼size
2.眼牆的對流周圍有對稱的cold brightness temperatures (IR雲圖上,較深對流)
3.比較不明顯,甚至沒有颱風螺旋雨帶
這樣的颶風,通常:
1.強度較強
2.減弱速度會比一般颶風慢(與大西洋過去資料相比)
3.可以維持較久的相對較強強度
(論文中也提到會用甜甜圈來形容這樣的結構XDDDD)
4.通常大於100kts,平均~110kts
而且強度較能發展到其存在環境的最大潛在強度(MPI)
經由統計資料,他們發現這樣的颶風的環境條件為:(*註一)
1.相對較弱的東風或東南風風切 ( 200 hPa-850 hPa )
2.200hPa具有東風,而且比環境的平均溫度冷
3.在颱風路徑上,海溫分布在(25.4~28.4度C),且變化小
4.200hPa的高度,缺少relative eddy flux convergence (與環境混合均勻)
5.環境條件的風切足以抵銷地轉渦度(beta)所造成的風切,使得颶風更有利軸對稱化
諾盧颱風處在環境沒有太符合這樣的條件,海溫幾乎高於上界
不過風切相對而言是小的
另外,近幾年的研究對於Annular Hurricanes還沒有完整的動力解釋或模擬
算是一個待解的議題
而且這類颱風強度變化跟一般颱風不同
因此對於預報或是數值模式而言也是個挑戰。
以上簡單分享,提供大家參考~~~
未來有機會也會針對一些實事,或是分享個人對於大氣的所學
(順便騙騙P幣(?)XD)
*註一:西北太平洋的環境條件跟大西洋颱風活躍區相比存在差異,另外,這部分的資料
比較學術,提供大家參考
------------------------------------------------------
參考資料:
Knaff, J.A., J.P. Kossin, and M. DeMaria, 2003: Annular Hurricanes. Wea.
Forecasting, 18, 204–223,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0204:AH>2.0.CO;2
Knaff, J.A., T.A. Cram, A.B. Schumacher, J.P. Kossin, and M. DeMaria, 2008:
Objective Identification of Annular Hurricanes. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 17–28,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007WAF2007031.1
雲圖:
向日葵衛星/SSMIS衛星,圖from RAMMB / JTWC
--
Tags:
颱風
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