地球科學:板塊不會急轉彎 - 地球科學討論

By Puput
at 2005-03-02T16:22
at 2005-03-02T16:22
Table of Contents
http://www.sciscape.org/news_detail.php?news_id=1722
Sciscape新聞內容
[Feb 21, 2005]
地球科學:板塊不會急轉彎
編輯:JR
皇帝-夏威夷島鏈的60°轉向,並非太平洋板塊運動方向改變造成的。
熱點(hotspot)是地球內部的熱以熱柱(plume)為管道送到地表的位置,
若熱點恰好落在移動的板塊上,隨著板塊的移動,會在板塊上留下痕跡、形成
島鏈。島鏈因而成為板塊學說的有力證據,也作為判斷板塊移動方向的根據。
一般認為皇帝-夏威夷島鏈的彎曲形態是47百萬年前太平洋板塊運動方向改變
造成的。然而,板塊有可能來個60°的大轉彎嗎?
加州大學Scripps海洋研究所的科學家Anthony A. P. Koppers 與 Hubert
Staudigel從同樣位於太平洋板塊上、具有相似彎曲型態的兩條火山島鏈Gilbert
Ridge與Tokelau Seamounts上採樣。定年分析後發現,三條島鏈發生轉彎的年代
並不相同,而且差別還不小:皇帝-夏威夷為47、後兩者分別為67、57百萬年前
。如果是板塊轉向造成彎曲,那麼三條島鏈彎曲發生的年代應該相去不遠,因此
,並非太平洋板塊運動方向改變造成島鏈的彎向。
目前仍不清楚彎曲的確切原因,至少未來無法再將熱點視為固定不動的座標,
來標定板塊的移動方向,並且過去用島鏈推算出的板塊演化歷史也要再修正。
參考來源:
Sciencedaily,Findings By Scripps Scientists Cast New Light On Undersea
Volcanos
Anthony A. P. Koppers and Hubert Staudigel, Asynchronous Bends in
Pacific Seamount Trails: A Case for Extensional Volcanism? Science,
307, 904(2005)
**
相關的研究還可以參酌
http://www.mantleplumes.org/PacificCracks.html
Alan D. Smith
Abstract
Reconstruction of the Pacific basin for the Early Cretaceous through
Recent shows that oceanic plateaus formed along ocean ridge systems
in the wake of retreating ridge triple junctions, and that ocean
island volcanism either followed pre-existing fracture zones/lineaments
or was localised along lines of incipient plate tearing induced by
variations in plate margin geometry. The distribution of volcanism is
more regular than would be expected from deep mantle plumes, but is
consistent with suggestions made over a quarter century ago of control
by stresses transmitted from the boundaries of the plates.
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明天再翻完
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