汽油品質問題? - 洛杉磯

※ 引述《dragonsky (ds)》之銘言：
: 推 marathons:在L.A.有各公司煉油廠,在其他大都會不見得有那麼齊全的 01/20 17:09
: → marathons:各公司煉油廠,汽油來源就是聯邦能源部的管線與供油站. 01/20 17:10
: → marathons:http://tinyurl.com/2rguwn 這是DOE官網各地煉油廠資料 01/20 17:23
: → marathons:喬治亞州僅一個煉油廠,夏威夷兩個,知名加油站卻超過3種. 01/20 17:29
: → marathons:NY州與新英格蘭6個州,完全沒煉油廠,也有多家知名加油站. 01/20 17:37
: 汽油運輸的方式有數種，包括油輪、輸油管、運油車，所以夏威夷用的油
: 不一定要在夏威夷練，我想這是很容易理解的。其次輸油管運輸的並不僅
: 僅只是汽油，包括家庭燃料油、飛機燃料、柴油、潤滑油、肥料的原料、
: 化學、藥物等，輸油管把這些傳輸到分配中心。而這些輸油管運輸是按
: Batches，利用hydraulics的物理原理，分批處理，避免污染或混合到其
: 他原料。
: 所以過程是油輪將原油運入後，透過輸油管運到煉油廠，煉油廠將原油煉
: 成汽油或其他中間產品，如塑膠、化學、藥物原料，其中部分再利用輸油
: 管運到分配中心，所以儘管共用輸油管，並不代表說各家的汽油都是混用
: 的，大公司也會有自己的輸油管如Chevron或Shell都有自己的輸油管路系
: 統。

這是聯邦能源部的官方網站，請自己好好閱讀清楚。

http://www.eia.doe.gov/bookshelf/brochures/gasoline/index.html

- From Refinery to Consumer
After crude oil is refined into gasoline and other petroleum
products, the products must be distributed to consumers. The
majority of gasoline is shipped first by pipeline to storage
terminals near consuming areas and then loaded into trucks for
delivery to individual gas stations.

- Gasoline Is Sent Through Shared Pipelines Where Commingling Occurs
Gasoline and other products are sent through shared pipelines
in “batches.” Since these batches are not physically separated
in the pipeline, some mixing or “commingling” of products occurs.
This mixing is why the quality of the gasoline and other products
must be tested as they enter and leave the pipeline to make sure
they meet appropriate specifications.

Whenever the product fails to meet local, State, or Federal
product specifications, it must be removed and trucked back
to a refinery for further processing.

- Can I Tell Which Country or State the Gasoline at My
Local Station Comes From?
The Energy Information Administration (EIA) cannot definitively
say where gasoline at a given station originated since EIA does
not collect data on the source of the gasoline sold at retail
outlets. The name on the service station sign does not tell the
whole story. The fact that you purchase gasoline from a given
company does not necessarily mean that the gasoline was actually
produced by that particular company’s refineries.

- Gasoline Brands Get Mixed During Shipment
While gasoline is sold at about 162,000 retail outlets across
the Nation, about one-third of these stations are "unbranded"
dealers that may sell gasoline of any brand. The remainder of
the outlets are "branded" stations, but may not necessarily be
selling gasoline produced at that company’s refineries. This
mixing of brands occurs because gasoline from different
refineries is often combined for shipment by pipeline, and
companies owning service stations in the same area may be
purchasing gasoline at the same bulk terminal.

The only difference between the gasoline at station X and the
gasoline at station Y may be the small amount of additives that
those companies add to the gasoline before it gets to the pump.

- Crude Oil also Gets Mixed at the Refinery
Even if we knew which company’s refinery produced the gasoline,
the source of the crude oil used at that refinery may vary on a
day-to-day basis. Most refiners use a mix of crude oils from
various domestic and foreign sources. The mix of crude oils can
change based on the relative cost and availability of crude oil
from different sources.


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